If the talks are to lead to anywhere, meetings must include representatives who can deliver results on the ground.
![A member of the Afghan security forces takes up a position during an operation against Taliban fighters in Chardara district of Kunduz [EPA]](/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/2825c909585c41e5829a733c31e4118a_18.jpeg?resize=270%2C180&quality=80)

Barnett Rubin is a leading expert on Afghanistan and South Asia.
If the talks are to lead to anywhere, meetings must include representatives who can deliver results on the ground.
![A member of the Afghan security forces takes up a position during an operation against Taliban fighters in Chardara district of Kunduz [EPA]](/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/2825c909585c41e5829a733c31e4118a_18.jpeg?resize=270%2C180&quality=80)
Pakistan could use its influence on Afghan Taliban groups to protect the new TAPI gas pipeline.

Ideological and religious differences will continue to limit ISIL’s ability to recruit from Afghan Taliban.
![An Afghan security force member stands at a checkpoint, set alight by ISIL fighters during overnight clashes between Afghan forces and ISIL groups, in eastern Nangarhar province [Getty]](/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/10491c0f18a74249b66ac8fca2b41386_18.jpeg?resize=270%2C180&quality=80)